Process of making edible oils, &amp;c.



G. ELLIS. PROCESS OF MAKING EDIBLE 01Ls, 6m.

APPLIGATIO NFILED JULY 26, 1912.

Patented Feb. 11, 1913.

TOR

WITNESS% CA LE-TON ELLIS, or MoNTcLAm, NEW'JERSEY,

PROCESS or MAKING EDIIBLE one, a

Specification of Letters Patent.

Toall whom it may concern: I

Be 1t known. that I, CARLE'ION .E'Lms, a

citizen of the. United States, and a resident of Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes oft/taking Edible Oils,'&c., of which the following is a specification. This invention relates to the process of treating materials containing unsaturated bodies, which comprises subjecting-a body of said material to hydrogen in the presence of a porous mass of catalytic material, and relatesin particular to the process of treat-: ing a traveling stream of the said material containing unsaturated bodies by the pa'ssage through a porous mass of catalytic material, moving substantially transversely to the direction of'said stream, and in simultaneously contacting hydrogen with said material.

This application is a divisional continuation of Serial No, 686,988 in particular as regards the rotation of a porous body of catalytic material, through which a current of oil and hydrogen are traveling.

q The manner in which my invention is carried'out, is made evident from the, accompanying drawings, which show apparatus in elevation comprising a rotatory barrel, A portion of the barrel containing catalytic material, is cut away to show the location of the catalyzer. The drawings of this preferred embodiment are 'purely. diagram matic. V 3

,I-n the-drawing, 1 isaf cylinder or barrel,

' 's upportedbyfthe' bearings2, and capable of being rotated by means of the gearing's 3.

' the oil tank'12.

fit-4: are man holes for charging catalytic material. The catalyzer is shown filling the v barrel at 5. 6 and-7 are. screens situated at the inlet and outlet to retain the'catalyzer.

8 andj9 are'inlet and outletopenings, and

10 indicates the level' of the oil or other material to be treated, the barrel being suitably inclined in order that the oil may take substantially this position within the rota t ing; or rotary chamber.

11 is a pipe connecting the inletLQ-with 13 is a grate adapted to serve for heating the oil contained, in the-oil tank 12..-

' 1 1 is an inlet pipe throughwhichx is. introduced a supply ofoil or other'material about the same temperature. cylinder or barrel 1,, may-be. jacketed in A gas pipe, 15, leads from the oil tank 12, to the pump 16, and from thence to the purifier 17 and the heater 18. A pipe 19, communicates from the heater with the outlet pipe from the lower end of the cylinder or barrel 1. This outlet pipe 20, leads to the receptacle 21, where the oil or othermaterial UNITED STATES egrenrr OF C f Patented Feb. 11,1913.

Application filed July 26, 1912. Serial No. 711,745. I

to be treated, is collected as it discharges from the cylinder 1. At the bottom of the ,receptacle 21, is an outlet 22, and a withdrawal or exhaust pipe 23. The return pipe 24, in which is interposed a pump to thetop of the tank 12.

p 26 is an inlet for hydrogen.

The operation of the apparatus in accordance with this preferred embodiment is as follows :Oil which has been suitably heated in the tank 12, is allowed to fiowxin regulated amounts tliroughthe pipe 11 into the cylinder or' barrel 1. The" cylinder is charged with catalytic material, and re'fea;

ably with abrasive material as is hereinafter described. Hydrogen gas is. passed into the cylinder through the pipe 19, and moves .in

25, leads a direction contrary to the flow ,of the oil.

The excess or unused portion of the hydrogen passes out t-hroughthe pipe 11', and "through. the oil in the tank 12,..being conveyed by means of the pumplfi through the or. barrel 1, is put in rotation. The oil is 125 CLto 200 C., depending upon itscharacter and the degree othydrogenation required. When treatingvegetable; oils such as corn, cotton-seed,"-soya-bean, rape, linseed,

Chinese wood, peanut,and mustard oils and the like, a temperature ranging from150; G. to about 175 C. is usually suitable. This temperature. may be maintained by having the oil-preheated to a temperature'slightly.

above that required in the cylinder 1, and the hydrogen gas may-Qalso be heated to- If desired the 8. purifier 17, and the heater-18; The cylinder 3 preferably preheated to a temperature of order to reduce loss of heat 'byradiation;

(The jacketing is not shown in the draw'-,

o'prep'are a suitable catal'yzer one may take lumps .of pumice of about i; inch in fragments of pumice. The so -treated pumice is then heated in a current of hydrogen gas to a temperature of about 325 C. to

350 C. in order to reduce the nickel oXid to the metallic form.gThese fragments are then immediately saturated with oil in order to'prevent access of air, and are charged -into the cylinder 1, filling it completely.-

The oil is allowedto flow through this mass, and hydrogen gas as indicated, is allowed to flow-in a direction opposite to the flow of the oil." Or, if desired, the hydrogen may be brought into contact with the oil in any other suitable manner.

In preparing catalyzer in another form,

I preferably reduce nickel oXid to produce metallicnickel in a finely divided condition. I mix about 10 pounds of such finely divided.

material with aboutQOO pounds of pebbles ranging from inch to finch in diameter or thereabout, and introduce this mixture into the treating cylinder. 1, to charge. it preferably entirely full." 'The rotation of the cylinder is preferably slow, say from 4 r to 6 revolutions a minute, in order that the oil preferably may not be'iunduly agitated, and-thus caused to foam undesirably.

While, in its preferred form, theprocess is continuous, that. -is non-cumulative, in order to 'reducelabor cost, and expensive manipulation, it is possible alsoto make the process an intermittentone as desired.- It is 1 also ossible to continuously circulate the oil through the treating chamber 1, by meansof the plpin'g system 24 and pump 25, the oil being drawn out atthe' outlet 23, when-sufficiently treated:

Y The treating cylinder or barrel 1, be suitably'heated directly, if desired, by means of a gas flame, or steam jacket or in any other suitable-manner. "Themans, for accomplishing this are not shown, beingobvious to those-.fskilled in the art-H Suitable c'atalyzersforthe present purabove mentioned, are other metallic cata- -lyzers,.such as copper, platinum, and palla dium, and the like. Various oxids such as thoseof nickel, copper, iron, andthe like, as well' as various salts of these and other.

metals, maybe used as catalyzers for different oils or other unsaturated materials' In the treatment of fish oil,' whale oil and the like, it is recommended that a mixed catalyzer consisting of either nickel and cobalt'in the metallic condition, or mixtures of nickel and cobalt OXld. be employed.

In the'p'resent process it does not become necessary to use hydrogen. under pressure, although this may be done if desired. The

efficient action of the catalyzer under these circumstances is such that pressure need not' -be-resortedto. -Th1s' is advantageous in handling so"penetrating.a gas as hydrogen, especially when the apparatus is heated.

What I claim is':--- I '1. The process .of'treating material conporous-mass. 1 0 in addition to the mckel catalyzer terial.

taining unsaturated bodies, which comprises.- passing a traveling stream of sa d material inliquid form through ogi-ens hedfof ct-atalytic material" moving "substantially t transversely-to the direction ofsaid stream, and

in sim'ultaneous'ly contacting hydrogen with sa1d, ,mater1al.

The process 'of treating material containing unsaturated bodies which comprises passing a traveling stream of $3.161 material in liquid form through aporousibed of catalytic material moving substantially transversely to the direction-of said st-ream,-andinsimultaneo'usly contacting hydrogen with.

said material; "and in; repeatedly passing said material through said porous mass of catalytic material.

3. The process of treating material con;

taming unsaturated bodies which comprises passing a traveling stream of said material slowly through a porous bed; of catalytic com ound movin substantiall .transversel P e to'the directiomof said.stream, and in *simult'aneously co1 1tac t1ng, hydrogenas a counter-current, 'wlth said materlal.

4. The process of treating material ,contaming-unsaturated bodieswhich comprises i passing a traveling stream of said materi'a slowly. through a non p rogressing... porous bedof catalytic compound moving substan-v t-ially'transversely to the. direction of .said stream, and in simultaneouslycontactinghy- 1.

drogen with ,said material.

. 5.-The process of treat ng materiall containing unsaturated bodies which comprises passing a traveling stream of said material slowly through a non-progressing porous non-rigid bed of catalytic compound moving substantially transversely to the directionof said stream, and in simultaneouslypassing hydrogen as a counter-current tlirdughQsaid 6. The process'of treating material of an, Y

oily nature, containing unsaturated bodies;

7 The process of treating materialof an oily nature, containing unsaturated bodies which comprises passing a traveling stream of said material slowly through a bed of catalytic compound supported on fcoarse fragmental bodies, m'oving integrally substantially transversely .to the direction of said stream and in simultaneously bringing a counter-current of a preheated hydrogenfcontaining gas into contact with the oily material.

' 8. The process oftreating material of an oily nature, containing unsaturated bodies preheated hydrogen-containing gas into contact with the'oily material.-

9. .The process of treating material of an ollyfnature, containing unsaturated bodies Which'comprises passing a traveling stream of said material in a preheated condition throu h a bed of catalytic compound supportec on coarse fragmental bodies, moving substantially transversely tothe direction of said' stream and in simultaneously bringing a counter-current of a preheated hydrogen-containing gas into contact with the oily material.

10. The process of treating material containing unsaturated bodies which comprises passing a traveling stream of said material slowly through a non-progressing fragmental porous non-rigid bed of catalytic compound moving substantially transversely to the direction of said stream and in simultaneously contacting hydrogen With said material.

11. The process raining unsaturated bodies which comprises passing a traveling stream ofsaid material slowly through a non-progressing fragmental porous non-rigid bed of catalytic compound moving substantially transversely to the direction of said stream, and. in simultaneously passing hydrogen as a coun ter-current through said porous mass.

Signed at Montclair in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey this 12th day of June A. D. 1912. CARLETON ELLIS. \Vitnesses:

BIRDELLA M. ELLIS, A. A. EL-Ls.

of treating material con- 

